DORSAL-IoT

Downlink Optimization for Robust Direct-to-Satellite IoT

An international collaboration pioneering efficient downlink communication protocols for Direct-to-Satellite LoRaWAN IoT systems.

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Funded by: INRIA EA and STIC-AmSud

DORSAL-IoT Logo

About the Project

DORSAL-IoT brings together experts from France, Chile, and Brazil to develop robust downlink protocols for LoRaWAN-based Direct-to-Satellite IoT communications. The project addresses key challenges in gateway selection, packet scheduling, and optimization for resource-constrained satellite networks.

Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN)

Exploring communication solutions beyond traditional terrestrial infrastructure.

LPWAN & LEO Satellites

Optimizing Low-Power Wide-Area Networks for Low Earth Orbit satellite connectivity.

Partners and Institutions

Chile flag
UCH

Universidad de Chile (UCH)

Chile flag
UC

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)

Chile flag
UDP

Universidad Diego Portales (UDP)

Chile flag
UTEM

Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana (UTEM)

Brazil flag
UFSC

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC)

Core Research Challenges

Challenge 1: Downlink Gateway Selection

Selecting the most suitable downlinking gateways to minimize redundant transmissions to devices with overlapping reception windows and coverage. This requires advanced decision-making in dynamic LEO satellite topologies.

Downlink gateway selection challenge

Figure 1. Downlink gateway selection challenge.

Challenge 2: Downlink Packet Scheduling

Determining when and over which multi-hop ISL route to send each downlink packet so it arrives within the correct device reception window, accounting for space-terrestrial delays.

Downlink packet scheduling challenge

Figure 2. Downlink packet scheduling challenge.

The objective of DORSAL-IoT is to address these two challenges using a combination of offline and online optimization techniques, including machine learning, to orchestrate downlink messages that prevent overlap, ensure optimal channel conditions, and enable seamless, reliable communication between remote IoT devices and the space core network.

News & Updates

Landmark DORSAL Paper Published in the IEEE Internet of Things Journal

Date: July 2026

Venue: IEEE Internet of Things Journal

Our landmark paper, “DORSAL: Downlink Optimization for Robust Direct-to-Satellite LoRaWAN”, co-authored by the full consortium, has been published. It presents the first Mixed-Integer Linear Programming scheduler for downlink delivery in Direct-to-Satellite LoRaWAN networks, built around the novel Downlink Arrival Receive-window Timing (DART) constraint.

First page of the DORSAL paper

UFSC Visit to Lyon & 4th DORSAL-IoT Workshop

Date: July 15, 2026

Location: Inria Lyon, France & Online

Richard Demo Souza and Felipe Tondo (UFSC, Brazil) visited the Agora team at Inria Lyon. Richard delivered a keynote, “Direct-to-Satellite IoT: Some Results and Work in Progress”, and both joined the 4th DORSAL-IoT Workshop, held online with partners in France, Chile, and Brazil.

  • Felipe Tondo: FreeChirp-Enhanced NOMA for LoRa DtS-IoT Uplink
  • Camila Conde: Airtime-Balanced SF Allocation for LoRa DtS-IoT
  • Luis Cocian: Energy-Aware DtS-IoT for Flash Flood Sensing
  • Antonio Dávila: Propagation-Aware Scheduling for DtS-IoT
  • Luis Cardenas: Frame-Based MAC for Federated Learning on DtS-IoT
Keynote by Richard Demo Souza at Inria Lyon Richard Demo Souza presenting to the Agora team Agora team attending the keynote Group lunch with the UFSC visitors in Lyon

Visit: DORSAL-IoT Delegation at the National Space Center

Date: November 27, 2025

Location: Centro Espacial Nacional, Santiago, Chile

Members of the international DORSAL-IoT project and faculty from Universidad Diego Portales visited the National Space Center to learn about Chilean satellite capabilities and the progress achieved by the Chilean Air Force (FACh) in space technologies.

FACh Visit by DORSAL-IoT Team

Talk: Distributed Geolocalization Using Broadcast Wireless Communication

Date: November 26, 2025

Location: IDT UTEM, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile

As part of the 3rd DORSAL-IoT Workshop, Prof. Hervé Rivano (INSA Lyon – Inria Agora) presented a keynote talk on distributed geolocalization using broadcast wireless communication for ranging. The event was supported by IEEE ComSoc Chile and UTEM’s Institute for Technological Research and Development (IDT).

Talk by Hervé Rivano

Inria Chile Talk

Date: November 25, 2025

Location: Inria Chile, Santiago & Online

Oana Iova and Juan A. Fraire (Inria) presented a talk on the convergence of terrestrial and satellite communication technologies for the Internet of Things. The session explored LPWAN technologies such as LoRa, LR-FHSS, and LoRaWAN, as well as their extension to LEO satellite constellations.

Inria Chile Talk Oana & Juan

Talk at UC Chile

Date: November 24, 2025

Location: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Prof. Oana Iova (INSA Lyon, Inria) delivered a talk on the intersection of terrestrial and satellite communications for IoT networks at the Internet of Things and Ubiquitous Computing (IoT-UC) Laboratory and the ANID Center for Technological Research in Sistemas Ciberfísicos (CPS-RTC).

Oana Talk at UC Chile

3rd DORSAL-IoT Workshop

Date: November 24–28, 2025

Location: Santiago de Chile, Chile (onsite)

The third workshop brought the consortium together in Santiago to focus on advancing the design and evaluation of efficient downlink strategies for Direct-to-Satellite IoT systems.

  • Onsite working sessions with all partners
  • Hands-on collaboration around use case design
  • Progress toward protocol and tool development
Workshop in Santiago

Tutorial at IEEE LatinCom 2025

Date: November 5–7, 2025

Location: Antigua, Guatemala (onsite)

Alexander Ylnner Choquenaira Florez (PhD candidate at Inria), with support from Benoit Coeugnet (PhD candidate at Inria/Kinéis), presented a tutorial on simulating Direct-to-Satellite IoT networks using OMNeT++ and FLoRaSat.

FLoRaSat tutorial at IEEE LatinCom 2025

2nd DORSAL-IoT Workshop

Date: September 22–26, 2025

Location: Inria Lyon, France (onsite)

This second workshop included two days of research area meetings and three days of working group sessions to define the project roadmap. It focused on energy-aware satellite downlink protocols for Direct-to-Satellite LoRaWAN IoT.

  • Project-wide kickoff for roadmap planning
  • Focus on cross-continental collaboration
  • France, Brazil, and Chile partners involved
2nd DORSAL-IoT Workshop in Lyon

1st DORSAL-IoT Workshop

Date: July 9–10, 2025

Location: Inria Lyon, France (hybrid)

This first workshop gathered partners for two days of presentations and brainstorming. Topics included TSCH scheduling, Doppler shift handling, Direct-to-Satellite IoT simulations, and federated learning strategies.

  • Hybrid event (onsite & online)
  • Participants from Inria, UFSC, UCH, UC, UDP, UTEM
1st DORSAL-IoT Workshop participants

Contact Us

For inquiries, collaborations, or additional information, please contact the project coordinators:

France flag France

Oana Iova

oana.iova@inria.fr

Chile flag Chile (EA)

Cesar Azurdia

cesarazurdia@uchile.cl

Chile flag Chile (STIC-AmSud)

Diego Dujovne

diego.dujovne@mail.udp.cl

Brazil flag Brazil

Richard Demo Souza

richard.demo@ufsc.br